An Update on Hydrocephalus Research
International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health,
Page 16-26
DOI:
10.9734/ijtdh/2022/v43i1230629
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common neurological disease caused by imbalance in the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or obstruction of its circulation pathways. The etiology of the disease is complex, often accompanied by a variety of complication. In recent years, hydrocephalus has been intensively studied. In this paper, the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus in study on traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment were reviewed in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus in the future.
Keywords:
- Hydrocephalus research
- new progress
How to Cite
Song, H., Yang, F., Zhang, L., Wang, X., & Du, X. (2022). An Update on Hydrocephalus Research. International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 43(12), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2022/v43i1230629
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Brinker T, Stopa E, Morrison J, et al. A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation [J]. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014;1110.
Fink KR, Benjert JL. Imaging of Nontraumatic Neuroradiology Emergencies [J]. Radiol Clin North Am. 2015;53(4):871-890.
Langner S, Fleck S, Baldauf J, et al. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Hydrocephalus in Adults [J]. Rofo. 2017;189(8):728-739.
Tully HM, Dobyns WB. Infantile hydrocephalus: A review of epidemiology, classification and causes[J]. Eur J Med Genet, 2014;57(8):359-368.
Furey CG, Choi J, Jin SC, et al. De Novo Mutation in Genes Regulating Neural Stem Cell Fate in Human Congenital Hydrocephalus[J]. Neuron. 2018;99(2): 302-314.
Daou B, Klinge P, Tjoumakaris S, et al. Revisiting secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus: does it exist? A review [J]. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;41(3): E6.
Isaacs AM, Riva-Cambrin J, Yavin D, et al. Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance [J]. PLoS One. 2018;13(10): e204926.
Dewan MC, Rattani A, Mekary R, et al. Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. J Neurosurg. 2018:1-15.
Karimy JK, Zhang J, Kurland D-B, et al. Inflammation-dependent cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion by the choroid plexus epithelium in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus [J]. Nat Med. 2017; 23(8):997-1003.
Aranha A, Choudhary A, Bhaskar S, et al. A Randomized Study Comparing Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in the Management of Hydrocephalus Due to Tuberculous Meningitis[J]. Asian J Neurosurg. 2018;13(4):1140-1147.
Li K, Tang H, Yang Y, et al. Clinical features, long-term clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of tuberculous meningitis in West China: A multivariate analysis of 154 adults[J]. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017;15(6):629-635.
Kamat AS, Gretschel A, Vlok AJ, et al. CSF protein concentration associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt obstruction in tuberculous meningitis [J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018; 22(7):788-792.
Munch TN, Rostgaard K, Rasmussen ML, et al. Familial aggregation of congenital hydrocephalus in a nationwide cohort [J]. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 8):2409-2415.
Afsharkhas L, Khalessi N, Karimi Panah-M. Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Term Neonates: Sources, Severity and Outcome [J]. Iran J Child Neurol. 2015;9(3): 34-39.
Casado-Flores J, Aristegui J, de Liria C-R, et al. Clinical data and factors associated with poor outcome in pneumococcal meningitis[J]. Eur J Pediatr. 2006; 165(5):285-289.
Osborn AG, Preece MT. Intracranial cysts: radiologic-pathologic correlation and imaging approach [J]. Radiology. 2006;239(3):650-664.
Langner S, Kirsch M. Radiological Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Headache [J]. Rofo. 2015;187(10): 879-891.
Shi YZ, Wang ZQ, Xu Y-M, et al. MR findings of primary choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebellopontine angle: report of three cases and literature reviews [J]. Clin Neuroradiol. 2014; 24(3):263- 267.
Kartal MG, Algin O. Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: An update[J]. Insights Imaging. 2014;5(4): 531-541.
Caricato A, Ioannoni E, Gelormini C. Is It Really Third Ventricle? A Pitfall in the Diagnosis of Hydrocephalus by Brain Ultrasound [J]. Neurocrit Care. 2020;33(3):844-846.
Ragan DK, Cerqua J, Nash T, et al. The accuracy of linear indices of ventricular volume in pediatric hydrocephalus: technical note [J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(6):547-551.
Tang Yuhui, Li Saichun, Guo Hao, et al. Analysis of Cisternal Imaging Value in 144 Patients with hydrocephalus [J]. Biomedical Engineering and Clinical. 2020; 24(05):570-574.
Guan Feng, Hu Zhiqiang, Wang Zhengwei, et al. The application value of spect in the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus [J]. Neurological Disorders and Mental Health. 2008;8(06): 433-435.
Fredrik Lundin, Tisell Anders, Leijon Göran, et al. Preoperative and postoperative 1H-MR spectroscopy changes in frontal deep white matter and the thalamus in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.[J]. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 2013;84(2).
Virhammar J, Laurell K, Ahlgren A, et al. Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion MR Imaging Demonstrates Regional CBF Decrease in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus [J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017;38(11):2081-2088.
Li Lulu, Liu Pengfei, Liu Zhilan, et al. MRI and Diffusion Imaging Characteristics of Early Rat model of Obstructive Hydrocephalus [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Diagnosis & Therapy, 2013;27(10):954-956.
Huang Jianglong, Tang Xiaoping, Zhang Ran, et al. Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance CUBE T2 Combined with 3D-FIESTA Sequence in Obstructive Hydrocephalus [J] Journal of Clinical Radiology. 2019;38(01):18-21.
Liu Huaxiu, Shi Hao. Imageology Research Progress of Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Medical Imageology. 2019;29(07):1221-1223.
Min Yuping. Prevention of Neural Tube Malformation by Oral Folic Acid Before Pregnancy and Early Pregnancy in 7582 Patients [J]. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2011;22(2):119.
Melo JRT, Passos RK, Carvalho MLCM. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage options for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature neonates [J]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2017;75(7): 433-438.
Giordan E, Palandri G, Lanzino G, et al. Outcomes and complications of different surgical treatments for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Neurosurg. 2018;1-13.
Pang Mingyan. New Progress in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus [J] Chinese Community Physician. 2019;35(16): 6- 7.
Chi Jieshan. Perioperative Nursing Observation of Patients with Hydrocephalus Treated By Ventriculoperi-toneal Shunt [J]. Heilongjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2020;49(05): 147-148.
Qiu You. Nursing Observation of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine After Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt of Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Psychology. 2020;15(03):115.
Zhu Denna, Yang Yonghui, Yang Lei. Postoperative Rehabilitation of Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Trauma in Children [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics. 2018;33(08):589-592.
Ren Lu. Effect of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Postoperative Neurological Function in Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Systems Medicine. 2021;6(05):152-154.
Li Ke. Influence Study of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Postoperative Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Shanxi Health Vocational College. 2019;29(06): 91-92.
Lee Man. Effect of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Postoperative Neurological Function in Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2017;21(16): 206-208.
Zhang Xiaogang. “Brain Fluid Stasis Theory” of Professor Zhang Xuewen’s Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Adult Hydrocephalus After Craniocerebral Injury [J] Journal of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine. 2020;43(02): 46-49.
Feng Hui, Zang Li, Zhang Dezhong. Effects of Decoction for Activating Blood Circulation on Serum Neuro-biology Markers and Cerebrospinal Fluid p73, p38 Factor Expressions of patients with Posttraumatic Fluid- Stasis Type Hydrocephalus [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulas. 2017;23(13):185-190.
Qi Xinhua, Ji Xiaona. Effect Analysis of Decoction for Activating Blood Circulation Combined with Acupuncture on Nerve Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Hydrocephalus [J]. Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2018;36(10):135-138.
Xiang Gaobo, Jiang Xingfu, Li Huansong, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Decoction for Removing Blood Stasis Combined with Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt in Treatment of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2019;21(04): 124-127.
Wang Yulan, Gong Liping, Guo Chaofeng. Research Progress of Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Wu Ling San [J]. Journal of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2021;23(02):118-120.
Jia Xuecang. Clinical Observation of Warming Yang and Promoting Diuresis Method Based on Wu Ling San in the Treatment of Traumatic Communicating Hydrocephalus [J]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2019;34(14): 2176-2178.
Fan Shaoping. Effect of Wu Ling San Combined with Conventional Conservative Western Medicine on Traumatic Communicating Hydrocephalus and on Renal Function [J] Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. 2018;27(04):424-426.
Lin Hai, Li Huizhong, Huang Meifei, et al. Acupuncture Combined with Acupoint Application Promotes Neural Functional Recovery after hydrocephalus in 25 Cases [J]. Fujian Chinese Traditional Medicine. 2017;48(03):19-20.
Yu Mengjin, Ye Ruixiong, Huang Pinglan, et al. Report of Acupuncture”Warm Method” Treatment of 12 Congenital Hydrocephalus in Children [J]. Chinese Manipulation & Rehabilitation Medicine. 2015;6(17):35-37.
Liu Shizhe Zhang Tie Liu Yuhuan. 18 Cases of Infantile Hydrocephalus Treated by Acupuncture and Massage [J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 1997; (03):16.
Peng Changlin Li Peifang. 27 Cases Observation of Curative Effect of Heavy Moxibustion Cooperating with Acupuncture Treatment in Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College. 1997;(04):49-50.
Liu Fugui, Peng Chaoqun, Liu Ling, et al. Professor Wang Song ling: Experience in Integrated Method of Invigorating Spleen and kidney by Warming Yang and Eliminating Blood Stasis in the Treatment of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2020;39(05):493-496.
Zhou Zhengxin, Song Hujie, Zhao Xiling. Observation of Curative Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Solution for Fluid Stasis Type of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2012;28(05): 876-877.
Feng Taozhen, Song Hujie, Sun Yubo, et al. Treatment of Infantile Hydrocephalus with Spleen Deficiency and Fluid Syndrome Type by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine [J]. Jilin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2016;36(07):686-688.
Du Xiaogang, Song Hujie. The Clinical Effect of Professor Song Hujie’s Trinity Comprehensive Program in the Treatment of Fluid Stasis Type of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Clinical Research and Practice. 2021; 6(28):125-127.
Zhang Ling, Song Hujie. Clinical Study on the Psychomotor and Intelligence Level of Children with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Aged 1-6 by Adopting the Trinity Traditonal Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Program [J]. Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology. 2011;39(04): 52-54.
Zhang Ling, Song Hujie. Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Program on Intelligence and Movement for Fluid Stasis Type Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2014;35(11): 1465-1466.
Song Hujie, Zhang Ling, Liu Yongping, et al. Improvement of Intelligence and Movement Function in Children with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus by Adopting the Trinity Chinese Traditional Medicine Comprehensive Program [J]. China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy. 2013;28(03):862-864.
Ruan Guiji, Song Hujie, Yan Bingcang, et al. Sixty Cases of The “Trinity Therapy” in Treatment of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research. 2016;27(09): 2181- 2184.
Tumani H, Huss A, Bachhuber F. The cerebrospinal fluid and barriers - anatomic and physiologic considerations[J]. Handb Clin Neurol. 2017;14621-32.
Brinker T, Stopa E, Morrison J, et al. A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation [J]. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2014;1110.
Fink KR, Benjert JL. Imaging of Nontraumatic Neuroradiology Emergencies [J]. Radiol Clin North Am. 2015;53(4):871-890.
Langner S, Fleck S, Baldauf J, et al. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Hydrocephalus in Adults [J]. Rofo. 2017;189(8):728-739.
Tully HM, Dobyns WB. Infantile hydrocephalus: A review of epidemiology, classification and causes[J]. Eur J Med Genet, 2014;57(8):359-368.
Furey CG, Choi J, Jin SC, et al. De Novo Mutation in Genes Regulating Neural Stem Cell Fate in Human Congenital Hydrocephalus[J]. Neuron. 2018;99(2): 302-314.
Daou B, Klinge P, Tjoumakaris S, et al. Revisiting secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus: does it exist? A review [J]. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;41(3): E6.
Isaacs AM, Riva-Cambrin J, Yavin D, et al. Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: Systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance [J]. PLoS One. 2018;13(10): e204926.
Dewan MC, Rattani A, Mekary R, et al. Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. J Neurosurg. 2018:1-15.
Karimy JK, Zhang J, Kurland D-B, et al. Inflammation-dependent cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion by the choroid plexus epithelium in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus [J]. Nat Med. 2017; 23(8):997-1003.
Aranha A, Choudhary A, Bhaskar S, et al. A Randomized Study Comparing Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in the Management of Hydrocephalus Due to Tuberculous Meningitis[J]. Asian J Neurosurg. 2018;13(4):1140-1147.
Li K, Tang H, Yang Y, et al. Clinical features, long-term clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of tuberculous meningitis in West China: A multivariate analysis of 154 adults[J]. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017;15(6):629-635.
Kamat AS, Gretschel A, Vlok AJ, et al. CSF protein concentration associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt obstruction in tuberculous meningitis [J]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018; 22(7):788-792.
Munch TN, Rostgaard K, Rasmussen ML, et al. Familial aggregation of congenital hydrocephalus in a nationwide cohort [J]. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 8):2409-2415.
Afsharkhas L, Khalessi N, Karimi Panah-M. Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Term Neonates: Sources, Severity and Outcome [J]. Iran J Child Neurol. 2015;9(3): 34-39.
Casado-Flores J, Aristegui J, de Liria C-R, et al. Clinical data and factors associated with poor outcome in pneumococcal meningitis[J]. Eur J Pediatr. 2006; 165(5):285-289.
Osborn AG, Preece MT. Intracranial cysts: radiologic-pathologic correlation and imaging approach [J]. Radiology. 2006;239(3):650-664.
Langner S, Kirsch M. Radiological Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Headache [J]. Rofo. 2015;187(10): 879-891.
Shi YZ, Wang ZQ, Xu Y-M, et al. MR findings of primary choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebellopontine angle: report of three cases and literature reviews [J]. Clin Neuroradiol. 2014; 24(3):263- 267.
Kartal MG, Algin O. Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: An update[J]. Insights Imaging. 2014;5(4): 531-541.
Caricato A, Ioannoni E, Gelormini C. Is It Really Third Ventricle? A Pitfall in the Diagnosis of Hydrocephalus by Brain Ultrasound [J]. Neurocrit Care. 2020;33(3):844-846.
Ragan DK, Cerqua J, Nash T, et al. The accuracy of linear indices of ventricular volume in pediatric hydrocephalus: technical note [J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(6):547-551.
Tang Yuhui, Li Saichun, Guo Hao, et al. Analysis of Cisternal Imaging Value in 144 Patients with hydrocephalus [J]. Biomedical Engineering and Clinical. 2020; 24(05):570-574.
Guan Feng, Hu Zhiqiang, Wang Zhengwei, et al. The application value of spect in the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus [J]. Neurological Disorders and Mental Health. 2008;8(06): 433-435.
Fredrik Lundin, Tisell Anders, Leijon Göran, et al. Preoperative and postoperative 1H-MR spectroscopy changes in frontal deep white matter and the thalamus in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.[J]. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 2013;84(2).
Virhammar J, Laurell K, Ahlgren A, et al. Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion MR Imaging Demonstrates Regional CBF Decrease in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus [J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017;38(11):2081-2088.
Li Lulu, Liu Pengfei, Liu Zhilan, et al. MRI and Diffusion Imaging Characteristics of Early Rat model of Obstructive Hydrocephalus [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Diagnosis & Therapy, 2013;27(10):954-956.
Huang Jianglong, Tang Xiaoping, Zhang Ran, et al. Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance CUBE T2 Combined with 3D-FIESTA Sequence in Obstructive Hydrocephalus [J] Journal of Clinical Radiology. 2019;38(01):18-21.
Liu Huaxiu, Shi Hao. Imageology Research Progress of Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Medical Imageology. 2019;29(07):1221-1223.
Min Yuping. Prevention of Neural Tube Malformation by Oral Folic Acid Before Pregnancy and Early Pregnancy in 7582 Patients [J]. Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health. 2011;22(2):119.
Melo JRT, Passos RK, Carvalho MLCM. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage options for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature neonates [J]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2017;75(7): 433-438.
Giordan E, Palandri G, Lanzino G, et al. Outcomes and complications of different surgical treatments for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Neurosurg. 2018;1-13.
Pang Mingyan. New Progress in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus [J] Chinese Community Physician. 2019;35(16): 6- 7.
Chi Jieshan. Perioperative Nursing Observation of Patients with Hydrocephalus Treated By Ventriculoperi-toneal Shunt [J]. Heilongjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2020;49(05): 147-148.
Qiu You. Nursing Observation of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine After Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt of Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Psychology. 2020;15(03):115.
Zhu Denna, Yang Yonghui, Yang Lei. Postoperative Rehabilitation of Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Trauma in Children [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics. 2018;33(08):589-592.
Ren Lu. Effect of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Postoperative Neurological Function in Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Systems Medicine. 2021;6(05):152-154.
Li Ke. Influence Study of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Postoperative Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Shanxi Health Vocational College. 2019;29(06): 91-92.
Lee Man. Effect of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Postoperative Neurological Function in Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Practical Clinical Medicine. 2017;21(16): 206-208.
Zhang Xiaogang. “Brain Fluid Stasis Theory” of Professor Zhang Xuewen’s Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Adult Hydrocephalus After Craniocerebral Injury [J] Journal of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine. 2020;43(02): 46-49.
Feng Hui, Zang Li, Zhang Dezhong. Effects of Decoction for Activating Blood Circulation on Serum Neuro-biology Markers and Cerebrospinal Fluid p73, p38 Factor Expressions of patients with Posttraumatic Fluid- Stasis Type Hydrocephalus [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulas. 2017;23(13):185-190.
Qi Xinhua, Ji Xiaona. Effect Analysis of Decoction for Activating Blood Circulation Combined with Acupuncture on Nerve Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Hydrocephalus [J]. Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2018;36(10):135-138.
Xiang Gaobo, Jiang Xingfu, Li Huansong, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Decoction for Removing Blood Stasis Combined with Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt in Treatment of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2019;21(04): 124-127.
Wang Yulan, Gong Liping, Guo Chaofeng. Research Progress of Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Wu Ling San [J]. Journal of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2021;23(02):118-120.
Jia Xuecang. Clinical Observation of Warming Yang and Promoting Diuresis Method Based on Wu Ling San in the Treatment of Traumatic Communicating Hydrocephalus [J]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2019;34(14): 2176-2178.
Fan Shaoping. Effect of Wu Ling San Combined with Conventional Conservative Western Medicine on Traumatic Communicating Hydrocephalus and on Renal Function [J] Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. 2018;27(04):424-426.
Lin Hai, Li Huizhong, Huang Meifei, et al. Acupuncture Combined with Acupoint Application Promotes Neural Functional Recovery after hydrocephalus in 25 Cases [J]. Fujian Chinese Traditional Medicine. 2017;48(03):19-20.
Yu Mengjin, Ye Ruixiong, Huang Pinglan, et al. Report of Acupuncture”Warm Method” Treatment of 12 Congenital Hydrocephalus in Children [J]. Chinese Manipulation & Rehabilitation Medicine. 2015;6(17):35-37.
Liu Shizhe Zhang Tie Liu Yuhuan. 18 Cases of Infantile Hydrocephalus Treated by Acupuncture and Massage [J]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 1997; (03):16.
Peng Changlin Li Peifang. 27 Cases Observation of Curative Effect of Heavy Moxibustion Cooperating with Acupuncture Treatment in Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College. 1997;(04):49-50.
Liu Fugui, Peng Chaoqun, Liu Ling, et al. Professor Wang Song ling: Experience in Integrated Method of Invigorating Spleen and kidney by Warming Yang and Eliminating Blood Stasis in the Treatment of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2020;39(05):493-496.
Zhou Zhengxin, Song Hujie, Zhao Xiling. Observation of Curative Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Solution for Fluid Stasis Type of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Journal of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2012;28(05): 876-877.
Feng Taozhen, Song Hujie, Sun Yubo, et al. Treatment of Infantile Hydrocephalus with Spleen Deficiency and Fluid Syndrome Type by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine [J]. Jilin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2016;36(07):686-688.
Du Xiaogang, Song Hujie. The Clinical Effect of Professor Song Hujie’s Trinity Comprehensive Program in the Treatment of Fluid Stasis Type of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Clinical Research and Practice. 2021; 6(28):125-127.
Zhang Ling, Song Hujie. Clinical Study on the Psychomotor and Intelligence Level of Children with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Aged 1-6 by Adopting the Trinity Traditonal Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Program [J]. Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology. 2011;39(04): 52-54.
Zhang Ling, Song Hujie. Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Program on Intelligence and Movement for Fluid Stasis Type Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2014;35(11): 1465-1466.
Song Hujie, Zhang Ling, Liu Yongping, et al. Improvement of Intelligence and Movement Function in Children with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus by Adopting the Trinity Chinese Traditional Medicine Comprehensive Program [J]. China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy. 2013;28(03):862-864.
Ruan Guiji, Song Hujie, Yan Bingcang, et al. Sixty Cases of The “Trinity Therapy” in Treatment of Infantile Hydrocephalus [J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research. 2016;27(09): 2181- 2184.
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