Prevalence of P. falciparum Gametocyte Carrying between Two Sympatric Ethnic Groups Living in Seasonal Malaria Transmission Setting of Burkina Faso after Universal Bed Nets Coverage Campaigns
Serme S. Samuel
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Henry Bere Noëlie
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Sombie Salif
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Diarra Amidou
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Kargougou Desire
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Sombie S. Benjamin
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
C. Bougouma Edith
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Mangano Valentina
Université La Sapienza de Rome, Italy
Ouedraogo N. Issa
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Tiono Alfred
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Traore Yves
Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI ZERBO, Burkina Faso
Soulama Issiaka *
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso
Modiano David
Université La Sapienza de Rome, Italy
Sirima B. Sodiomon
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Burkina Faso and Groupe de Recherche d’Action en Santé (GRAS), Burkina Faso
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocyte carriage in two sympatric ethnic groups living in seasonal malaria transmission setting in Burkina Faso.
Study Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to November 2017 in children aged from 2 to 12 years and living in Barkoundouba, avillage located at the Northeast part of Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso. The study participants were subject to clinical examination including axillary temperature. Blood samples were collected from finger pricks to performed RDT and blood smears for malaria diagnosis and on filter paper for molecular detection of the parasite. Any case of fever (temperature ≥ 37.5°C) with RDT positive was treated according to national guideline.
Methodology: We included 461 patients in this study. P. falciparum presence and densities were determined by microscopy using Giemsa-stained thick blood smears. The nested PCR was used to confirm the presence of the asexual parasites assessed by the microscopy.
Results: P. falciparum prevalence assessed by microscopy was 83 (32.55%) and 103 (50%) for Fulani and Mossi respectively, whereas the prevalence by nested PCR was 88 (39.11%) for Fulani and 121 (68.75%) for Mossi. The gametocyte carriage in the two ethnic groups was: 3.53% for Fulani and 11.65% for Mossi. The prevalence ratio for P. falciparum asymptomatic and gametocyte carriers was 1.5 and 3 in favor of Mossi group respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed that the Fulani have a lower prevalence of P. falciparum compared to the Mossi group despite the decrease of parasitemia and prevalence in both groups compared to previous studies.
Keywords: Malaria transmission, P. falciparum, gametocyte, Burkina Faso